Monday, June 18, 2012

hydrochloric acid and marble

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Aim

I am trying to find out how the concentration of acid affects the rate of reaction between marble and acid. I could do this in three different ways but I have chosen to use a balance to measure the mass lost during the experiment. The other two ways I could have chosen to use are 1)time how long the

Independent variables




The independent variables in this experiment are

The concentration of acid

Quantity of marble

Volume of acid

Mass of marble

Surface area of marble

Temperature of acid

Dependant variable

The variables that I am measuring from are the time taken and the mass loss of the solution as it is reacting. This will show me the rate of reaction.

Method

I will now go through step by step how I will do my Investigation.

„� First I will measure out my marble into gallipots using a balance. I have chosen to use 10 grams of marble.

„� Then I will measure out 40ml of the required concentration of acid using a syringe and then put it in a conical flask and weigh it on a balance. I will have to add the mass of the acid and the mass of the marble together to get the starting mass of the solution because if I weigh it while the marble is in the solution it will have already started to react and therefore will be inaccurate.

„� After I have calculated the starting mass I will add the marble to the acid and start the stopwatch.

„� Every 0 seconds I will take a reading from the balance up until 5 minutes.

„� I will repeat this with the same concentration of acid to get my second reading.

„� I will carry out this experiment for each of the concentrations of acid from 0.5 to 4 molar doing two tests for each one.

„� When I have all of my results I will work out the average results by adding the results from the two tests and dividing by two.

To get the concentrations of acid needed I had to dilute acid with water. This is the table to show the quantity of acid to water.

Concentration needed (molars) Amount of acid (ml) Amount of water (ml)

0.5 0 ml of 1 molar acid 0 ml

1 40 ml of 1 molar acid 0 ml

1.5 15 ml of 4 molar acid 5 ml

0 ml of 4 molar acid 0 ml

.5 5 ml of 4 molar acid 15 ml

0 ml of 4 molar acid 10 ml

.5 5 ml of 4 molar acid 5 ml

4 40 ml of 4 molar acid 0 ml



Apparatus

Conical flask ¡V to perform the reaction in

Balance ¡V to measure the mass of the marble, starting mass and the mass loss

Acid ¡V to react with the marble

Marble ¡V to react with the acid

Stop watch ¡V to time the solution as it reacts

Syringe ¡V to measure the acid and water

Safety goggles ¡V to protect my eyes

Controls

I will keep all independent variables the same apart from concentration of acid. I will also keep all the apparatus the same.

Prediction

I predict that there will be more mass loss from the experiment with the highest concentration of acid because chemical reactions occur when reacting particles collide with each other. Increased concentration means increased number of particles resulting in an increased number of collisions and an increased rate of reaction.

Safety

The following safety precautions should be taken into consideration

I will make sure that all bags are under the tables so that no one will trip over them

I will also make sure that I have a clear workspace so that nothing will knock any chemicals over

I will wear safety goggles at all times so that no chemicals spit out into my eyes

Results



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stem cells

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like stem cells even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like stem cells in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



NTRODUCTION.

Stem cell research is a fascinating subject exploring how a single cell can create an organism or how healthy cells can replace damaged ones. Stem cell research is also being investigated on possibilities of treating disease, such as cancer, or replacing organs which is refereed to as regenerative or reparative medicine(a treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or depleted adult cell populations or tissues). As many of these things happened, there are many questions being raised such as, whether the things stem cells can do should be done such as cloning. There are also many questions being asked on what stem cells are and what they can do. All these questions will be answered throughout the paper.

WHAT STEM CELLS ARE.

Stems cells are very different from other types of cells mainly because of two characteristics that they have. The first characteristic that tells them apart is, they are unspecialized cells that can renew themselves for long periods through cell division. The second important characteristic is, under certain conditions the cell may become induced and be able to do certain special functions such as the beating cells of the heart muscle or the insulin producing cells of the pancreas.




The animal and plant cell are the two kinds of stem cells mainly used. In the beginning, scientists used mice in their research of stem cells. As scientists became more advanced with stem cells they figured out how to isolate stem cells from human embryos and grow them in a laboratory. This process is called human embryonic stem cells.

Stem cells will differ from other cells in the body from there three unique properties that they have. The properties are, they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods of time,they are unspecilalized, and they can give rise to specialized cells. This is all some of the more important information dealing with stem cells.

USES FOR STEM CELLS AND THE OBSTACLES THAT MUST BE OVER COME.

It is said by many scientists that stem cells may be used to treat many diseases such as Parkinsons,cancer,heart disease and more. Also as scientists learn more about stem cells they may be able to use the cells not just for cell based therapies but also for screening, new drugs and toxins, and understanding birth defects. All of these things that stem cells can do are very important but there are many hurdles to the use and uses of stem cells that scientists do not fully understand yet. There are also many obstacles besides these, such as many public opinions that stems cells should not be used. These are all important obstacles that must be overcome for stem cells to succeed.

CONCLUSION.

Stem cells are a very important advance in the field of cell research. They hold many key opportunities on uses to help cure diseases and help people. There are also issues that need to be worked out before we can truly use them.



Mind that the sample papers like stem cells presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

Tuesday, June 5, 2012

sperm whale

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like sperm whale even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like sperm whale in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.





Sperm whales are the largest of the toothed whales. This name is also applied to two smaller species, the pygmy sperm and dwarf sperm whales. Sperm whales are in all oceans except the high artic. Females and the young stay in latitudes less than 40 degrees on the males go into artic waters. Sperm whales migrate in between mating and calving grounds close to the equator and feeding areas in increased altitudes.

The sperm whale is usually a dark brown gray color with light streaks and spots and also scratches. The skin around the corners of the mouth is white. The underbody is a lighter gray and may have a few white patches. The body of a sperm whale is laterally compressed with a single blowhole on the front left of the head. There happens to be a large difference between male and female sperm whales, mature females grow to about 1m ( that’s about ft) in length, a mature male whale is about 18m ( or 5ft).

The sperm whales main source of food is a medium sized water squid. It also feed on fish, skate, octopus, smaller squid, and floating debris can also be ingested. The whale usually eats about 1 ton of food each day. The lower jaw of the whale contains 18 to 5 large teeth on each side of the jaw. The upper jaw has tiny teeth. The upper jaw contains sockets that the tiny teeth fit.




Sperm whales travel in mixed groups with adult females. These groups can be as large as 50 individuals (Encarta). Adult male whales travel in all male groups or alone which is rare. Then they join the female groups for short periods of mating.

Sperm whales have had an impact on man. Sperm whales have been killed mainly for the oil which is produced from their thick blubber, and also for the wax found in the head, which is known as spermaceti. Ambergris which was used for perfume came from the sperm whale. The only meat from the whale was never used for food except in some communities. Hundreds and thousands of sperm whales have been killed in oceans all over the world. The peak for killing was in 16/64 with over ,000 killed. By 184 sperm whale catchers were banned.

The sperm whales are a common attraction all over the world. It has been used in literature and in art. The sperm whale is unique in appearance and unique among other whales.



Mind that the sample papers like sperm whale presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!