Gothic and Grotesque

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Gothic and Grotesque

Nothing is creepier than a gripping horror story, however today’s horror genre is filled with axe-wielding maniacs wanting to literally paint the town red. Two stories that probably would not come to mind when thinking of good “wholesome” horror are Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis” and Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness.” Although neither of these works is classified as being in the horror genre, upon deeper analysis one will see that both of these works include elements one might classify as gothic, surreal, supernatural or grotesque. These works are not equal, however, as they both have more of one aspect than the other. Conrad’s work has a little bit of all four aspects, with many examples focussing on the surreal and supernatural themes. In contrast, Kafka’s work is less gothic, focussing more on the grotesque, surreal, and supernatural.

Before delving too deep into the works, it should be explained what is meant by the terms gothic, grotesque, surreal and supernatural. Gothic is a style of story that was popular between the 1800’s and the 100’s, often involving dark, dreary settings and evil plots. Edgar Allen Poe was a great gothic writer, whose chilling thriller stories had much to do with death and dying. Grotesque is defined by the Oxford Dictionary of Current English as meaning, “repulsively distorted” which is definitely the case in both of these authors’ characters. Surreal is a term used to describe things that are not quite real, or that may be too real to some. Like trying to look at a dim star straight on in the night sky; if you stare straight at it, it seems as if it is not even there, but by looking just a little off to the side, it seems to appear just outside your point of focus. Finally, supernatural is defined by Oxford as meaning, “manifesting phenomena not explicable by natural or physical laws.” This certainly holds true; turning into a giant bug is definitely not a natural phenomenon, unless you are a smaller bug to begin with.

Now that the definitions of the criteria have been made, it is time to look at the stories, starting with Conrad’s work. One can definitely detect a gothic flavour in “Heart of Darkness.” Its dark, dreary setting sets the gothic mood right away, giving a depressing, mildly horrific atmosphere. An example of this is the narrator’s description of the sunset at the very beginning of the story




And at last, in its curved and imperceptible fall, the sun sank low, and from

glowing white changed to a dull red without rays and without heat, as if

about to go out suddenly, stricken to death by the touch of that gloom

brooding over a crowd of men. (Short Fiction, 5)

Death and gloom unquestionably give the sunset a gothic spice. Even the title gives the feeling of a gothic tale. In Anthony Fothergil’s Open Guide to Literature Heart of Darkness he says “The title confronts us with a language which won’t, as it were, stand still” (). He goes on to ask the question Is it the centre of darkness, or the heart, which is dark that Conrad is referring to? (). Either way, the title gives one a premonition of gloom and evilness.

As well as being gothic, the title is also rather surreal. To leave the meaning open ended to the reader gives one the sense that the story reflects what they are thinking or feeling. This puts the story into the kind of un-reality that the surreal theme thrives in. Other surreal aspects of the story are many of the symbols regarding the underworld. Once again Fothergil voices his opinion on this subject, saying, “…it is a journey through the underworld for purposes of instruction as well as entertainment” (1). As well, Fothergil compares Kurtz to a “Shade” from classic mythology, which is an underworld inhabitant, unable to find peace, who feels the need to tell mortals their sad stories (4). This he definitely does, right up until the end with his last words “The horror! The horror!” (Short Fiction, 1). Surrealism is a big aspect in these examples; symbols of people and events with a deeper, darker meaning that touches the reader in profound ways. Perhaps everyone feels that they are making their own trek through the underworld, in their own little way.

Many of the symbols surrounding the character of Kurtz could also be seen as surreal. For example, there is the description that Marlow gives about attempted rescue of Kurtz “I had to beat this Shadow � this wandering and tormented thing…” (Authoritative Text, 67). Marlow is superimposing the image of an uneasy, miserable spirit over Kurtz, but perhaps that is who Kurtz really is, and his humanity is all superimposed. Which is the reality? As well, when Marlow speaks of the impact that Kurtz has had on him, he says, “Confound the man! He had kicked the very earth to pieces” (Authoritative Text, 67). A very surreal image is conjured out of that statement Kurtz had shattered Marlow’s beliefs, shattered his “earth.”

Another example of surrealism comes from the book entitled Heart of Darkness An Authoritative Text, Background and Sources, Essays in Criticism, edited by Robert Kimbrough. Marlow is speaking of the two women in black he sees, sitting in chairs knitting. Upon seeing one of them, and the look in her eyes he says, “Not many of those she looked at ever say her again � not half, by a long way” (11). This thought seems to say that the woman had some sort of power to curse those she looked at to death. Then again, it might just be that the people she looks at just never seem to come that way again. Two “realities” here, but which one is real and which is “surreal”?

Another theme represented by the old women is the theme of the supernatural. As stated above, one might take Marlow’s statement to mean the woman had some form of power to do harm. Also concerning the two women, he says to himself, “I thought of these two guarding the door of Darkness” (Authoritative Text, 11), which definitely brings one to think in terms of the supernatural; an image of two women, clad in black, guarding the entrance to all that is evil. As well, Marlow’s description of the dying natives definitely has a supernatural flavour, as he says, “I had stepped into the gloomy circle of some Inferno” (Authoritative Text, 17). This is a powerful image of the supernatural; the fires of Hell.

Although the scene with the dying natives can be called supernatural, one can also see how it could be classified as being grotesque. Marlow tells the reader how “Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees, half coming out, half effaced within the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment and despair…they were dying slowly…lying confusedly in the greenish gloom” (Authoritative Text, 17). What could be more grotesque than a painful, lonely, meaningless death? Death is the end of something beautiful; life. It is especially disgusting when there is no point to it, and it is done in pain.

Now that Conrad’s work has been analyzed, it is time to consider the work of Kurtz. First off, “The Metamorphosis” can definitely be classified as being grotesque. Even the concept of the story exemplifies this trait through the transformation of the main character into a gigantic bug, which is one of the most disgusting things that could happen to any human being. He is transformed into that which he would have stepped on without a second thought. His life has turned from something bearable into something abominable. What becomes of him at the end of the story is perhaps the most grotesque of it all; he becomes nothing more than an unloved dead bug. “[The charwoman pushed] Gregor’s corpse a long way to one side with her broomstick. Mrs. Samsa made a movement as if to stop her, but checked herself. ‘Well,’ said Mr. Samsa, ‘now thanks be to God’” (51). It is obvious that the family was relieved at the death of their horrifically metamorphosized son.

There are other critics who share the idea of “The Metamorphosis” being grotesque. Gunther Anders gives a great critique of the horror of many of Kafka’s stories when he says, “What makes the reading of [Kafka’s] stories such a gruesome experience is his manner of treating the grotesque as everyday normality” (1). This is evident in the first paragraphs of the story, as Gregor wakes up. He realizes he has turned into a very large insect, however he is more concerned with trivial, everyday happenings such as being late for work that with what has happened to him. The same attitude is shared by his family, but to a lesser degree. Instead of trying to find out the cause of the change, they merely keep Gregor locked in his room; out of sight, out of mind it seems.

Surrealism in “The Metamorphosis” is a very important aspect of the story. Perhaps Johannes Pfieffer best says it in his essay entitled “The Metamorphosis.” Pfieffer says that

“This balanced composition has a certain correspondence in the exactness

with which the room is imagined and in an kind of ‘magic realism,’

whereby objects are presented with such a compact wealth of detail that

they are constantly turned into something unreal or more than real” (5).

This statement virtually includes the meaning of the word surreal. The story is too fantastic to be taken literally; all Kafka’s symbols and descriptions are hints of something deeper, something more profound.

For example, look at the moving of furniture from Gregor’s room. At first Gregor is happy to have more room to walk about the walls and ceiling, until he realizes what is really happening on a deeper level. By taking out his furniture, they are denying him his humanity. In their eyes, he is an insect and nothing more now, and Gregor cannot bear that. “Did he really want his warm room…to be turned into a naked den in which he would certainly be able to crawl unhampered in all directions but at the price of …his human background?” (515).

Finally, what is Kafka’s story if it is not supernatural? The metamorphosizing of a man into an insect is definitely not any natural act. What makes Gregor’s metamorphosis all the more strange is that the author does not go into any detail as to how the change took place. Kafka simply tells the reader what has happened, and expects that it be accepted. Even the family does nothing to find the cause of Gregor’s change; they simply accept it, and attempt to deal with his paranormal transformation.

From the above examples, it is clear to see that there are many horrific themes in each story. Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness” has themes and examples that overlap, such as the title itself which can be seen as being both gothic and surreal, and the scene of the dying natives, which can be read as both supernatural and grotesque. Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis” does not have so much of a gothic flavour as it does supernatural, grotesque and surreal. The whole concept of the tale has all three of those aspects included in it; a man transformed into a bug. What could be more grotesque, supernatural, or surreal than that? In closing, one can see how chainsaw buzzing madmen will never compare to the subtle horrors of these two great artists.

Works Cited

Anders, Gunther. Studies in Modern European Literature and Thought Franz Kafka. Bowes

and Bowes Ltd. London, 160. 1.

Conrad, Joseph. “Heart of Darkness.” Short Fiction An Introductory Anthology. Ed. Gerald

Lynch, David Rampton. Harcourt Canada Toronto, 1. 5-1.

Conrad, Joseph. “Heart of Darkness” An Authoritative Text, Background and Sources, Essays

in Criticism. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.

Conrad, Joseph. “Heart of Darkness.” Open Guide to Literature. Ed. Anthony Fothergil. Open

University Press Milton Keynes, 18.

Kafka, Franz. “The Metamorphosis.” Short Fiction An Introductory Anthology. Ed. Gerald

Lynch, David Rampton. Harcourt Canada Toronto, 1. 44-5.

Pfeiffer, Johannes. “The Metamorphosis.” Kafka A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Ronald

Gray. Prentice Hall Inc Engelwood Cliffs NJ, 16.

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favorite out door place

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like favorite out door place even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like favorite out door place in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

There is an outdoor place that is very special to me. There have been a lot of feelings and emotions associated with it, everything from the romantic sunset, to the feel of the cool breeze from the lake. The getaway, which is located at the dunes, is a place that I love to go to get away from it all. The first time I went there was with my girlfriend, Lauren, about a year ago. It was a surprise for her on our one year anniversary. I took her out of the car and strolled up the cold sand. I grabbed her hand and I could feel the heat coming off her palm. We got to the top, where we could see the entire lake, sat down and laid out a blanket. As I’m lying there with her in my arms waiting for the sunset, I see the sun reflecting off the water and making the sand we’re sitting on sparkle. A couple of leaves from the surrounding trees looked so vivid that it was like looking into an oil painting. The few clouds in the sky were mostly white, but looked amazing with the sun’s rays in the background.

As we sit and wait for this magical moment to arrive, I hear the waves from the lake wash up on the shore. A few birds fly over head making noises of hunger as they pass. I can hear Lauren’s breath start to weaken as she gets relaxed on top of the soft blanket. The bugs in the background sound like an orchestra. I smell her perfume mixed in with the resounding smell of leaves falling from the trees. As we watch this magical moment I can taste her sweet cherry flavored lip gloss as we indulge into each other’s arms. As the bright yellow and orange mixed sphere finally settles behind the crystal azure lake, we both see the reflection in our eyes and wish this moment would last forever.

When I read the article by Keith Goetzman’s called “the late, great outdoors” the idea of retreating to an artificial environment was introduced. He brought up the point “I am opposed to taking a backhoe and a cement truck to the river; supposedly make it more ‘fun’. It strikes me as obscene (0). However, indoor activities such as artificial beaches, sunlight, and lakes would take all the magical and fun moments in life, such as the one I experienced with my girlfriend above, away.

The beach, one of the most fun places to go, if taken in to an artificial environment would be one of the most ignorant things I could think of. Artificial environments have caught on for various reasons Goetzman explains, “It’s more convenient, why would we drive 00 miles to participate”? (0). If someone couldn’t experience a real sunset on a beach, or lake, an artificial one wouldn’t be half bad. Having one made instead of the real thing is better than having nothing at all.




If the opportunity arose where I had to choose between an artificial sunset and the real thing, I would go with the real sunset. As Goetzman explains, a lot of teenagers would rather have an artificial environment. Goetzman writes “If I’m in the mountains, I’m out of cell-phone coverage, and I can’t do that” (10). The beach that I was on did cover my cell phone range, but I could see it as a problem if the beaches in other parts of the United States are more elevated. Other outdoor enthusiasts though, prefer to have the environment stay where it belongs, outside. “The environment is as important as the technical difficulties, if not more so” (Goetzman 10).

The outdoors is one of the most peaceful places to be on earth. The beauty of nature, the rush you get when you reach the top of a mountain for the view, or just the feeling when you look into a sunset with the person you love. If a sunset on a beach or lake couldn’t be experienced from where the person is located, an artificial one would compensate. However, you can’t make an artificial environment as detailed as the real thing.



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eleanor roosevelt

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like eleanor roosevelt even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like eleanor roosevelt in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

Eleanor Roosevelt led a crusade for justice and decency. She battled for equality and power for woman. All subjects she spoke about back then are still relevant even today. For that reason alone made her a good communicator.

She was able to get herself heard by just talking with others. She was willing to talk, debate, and share her opinions with anyone who would listen. And she had quite a few opinions. Her principal message was that women should be equal to men in everyway. They should be able to have the right to vote also while in the work place be receiving the same amount of pay that a man is makes. She believed that women should not be discriminated against just because of there sex.

She used her column in the Woman’s Democratic News to voice her on opinion on several different topics. While her husband was calling for “Cutting local government (Pg. 7)” which would limit the money spent on education and public services that people needed. Within her column she countered that this was the time to utilize government services instead of cutting them. She wrote that they should take from the “proper sources” and from “the people who are endowed richly with this worlds goods or such profits (7)”. She wanted people to become more aware of the way the government was spending there tax dollars. She also gave several chapters in her book It’s up to the Woman on federal and local investments.

Another topic she felt strongly about was that public health began with education. She advocated for the construction of local clinics and hospitals. She also was in favor of sex education in schools. She believed both boys and girls should be taught it. Within her column she called it “family planning’’.




She used press conferences to get her message to the public. These conferences were guided and had specific rules “No gossip, No leaks, and No scoops.” She only covered topics that she thought would be newsworthy. Eleanor spoke on trade unionism and better working conditions for all. She also demanded the end of child labor. With a lot of work she and her colleagues were able to get a child labor amendment passed by congress.



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technology

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like technology even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like technology in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

New technology and its rate of advancement affects our everyday life. To aid our understanding of computers and other technology and the role that they play, it is important to realise that historically, this technology is very new, and was not originally conceived for education purposes. The computer in the classroom, however, can be an invaluable tool as it has the potential to cater to all types of learners. The major reason for computer familiarity for students must surely be the fact that computers feature so prominently in everyday life, and the purpose of education is to prepare students for the real world. It is therefore the responsibility of all partners in education, to communicate effectively, ensuring that all learners are catered for in the best possible manner. In today’s ever-changing society, the need for computer literacy is apparent in all aspects of our lives. It is therefore necessary to include technology into the education of our children, to prepare students for a future that is computer based (Stockley, H. 14).

As its response to the aformentioned, Hatton Vale State School has a Learning Technology Policy Statement outlining the Aims, Objectives and Stratagies of the Technology Programme. In addition to this we now maintain a definite presence on the Internet. Our Web-site has been up and running for several months now. The advantages of this site are-

People all over the world can access us and experience Hatton Vale State School.

Students can easily access other educational sites from our Web-pages.




Student work is published for the whole world to see.

Students are encouraged to view the internet as something in which they are included.

The teaching staff, students and community in general have justifyable reason to be very proud of our School and its standard of excellence. Now the rest of the world can access our school and share in our successes, and most importantly, our students can access the rest of the world.



Mind that the sample papers like technology presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

a view from the bridge

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like a view from the bridge even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like a view from the bridge in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

A view from the bridge was written by Arthur Miller from new york, before a view from the bridge Arthur miller wrote many other plays which were also success storys but some weren’t “a death of a salesman,” which didn’t have a narrator in it so the audience didn’t immediately understand the meaning of the play when it was first performed on stage. A view from the bridge used Alfieri as the narrator so the audience understood the play with alfieri and the message of the play which was to compromise in life which Eddie failed to do and the message was more clear.some of Millers plays such as “the man who had all the luck” weren’t successes.

Many of hundreds of years ago, the ancient greeks produced Greek trajedy.alfieri is connected to Greek tragedy because in a view from the bridge Arthur Miller uses a narrator which in Greek culture is a chorus which is the role of alfieri.a view from the bridge ends in a tragic ending where rodolpho stabs eddiethe main hero in the play.trajedy is a type of drama composed in the Athens in the 6th century.

A view from the bridge uses Alfieri as the narrator who tells the story to the audience.althought he is a narrator he doesn’t just tell the story and the meaning of the play but he also tells the audience of the time and place of every event that takes place. “On December 7th I saw him,” Alfieri talks about Eddie when he comes to see him. By talking to the audience he makes it more clear of what is happening and makes the meaning of the play more explicit. He also comments on the action in a previous scene and gives hints as to what is happening next.

Alfieri is a lawyer as well as a narrator at the same time. In a view from the bridge alfieri is a wise and intelligent character, unlike Eddie who thinks that being manly is very important and Eddie even tries to challenge rodolpho, when rodolpho asks Eddie to hold a chair up from it’s leg but Eddie cant and rodolpho manages to.alfieri doesn’t need manliness he has inner strength because he is very wise and strong minded. “Eddie im a lawyer’” alfieri hears both sides of the story.e.g when Marco falls in love with Catherine and he wants to marry her but eddy is very against it, and asks alfieri for legal advice about it. but alfieri just says that there is nothing wrong about a marrying a immigrant.




Alfieri’s character is to work out what is right and wrong, and as a lawyer he is there to make peace. In a view from the bridge Alfieri tries to sort out eddy problems. Eddie is a very much against Marco marrying Catherine and goes to alfieri for help.alfieri helps people by compromising and hearing both sides of the story.alfieri is a smart man with a intelligent mind.alfieri compared to other characters in the a view from the bridge speaks proper English because he is well educated. “Yes we eat very good on the boats,”Marco says this quote. “Wait a minute….which is….i mean its allright….i mean you know what I mean? This is eddies quote. “Im inclined to notice the ruins in things,”compared to Marco and Eddie, Alfieri is much more articulate.

A view from the bridge is a play with an audience, alfieri is a bridge between the audience and the characters, because for the characters he is a lawyer and for the audience he is a lawyer and a narrator.alfieri also helps the characters make the right decision and points them to the right direction that is what his role as a lawyer is.alfieri has the perspective of knowing everything.alfieris theme is to make the mood of the play moving.alfieri hears both sides of the story. In the community Alfieri is a most respected.

Arthur Miller put Alfieri into this play as a lawyer because a lawyer can talk to the characters and give them advice.alfieris feelings towards Eddie are sympathetic. Eddie confides in Alfieri and asks him what he should do; Alfieri wants Eddie to let Catherine marry Marco. the audience must be thinking that Eddie isn’t compromising and being very selfish.alfieri tries to make Eddie compromise, and reveals eddies feelings, and inner most thoughts through their conversations.alfieri tries to make Eddie see sense. “She can’t marry you, can she?”He also sees eddies feelings for catherince, and Alfieri sees that Eddie is a desperate man, so desperate, hell do anything. Its the point where Eddie realises that the only way he can stop the marriage is by calling the immigration officers and he does and Marco and rodolpho are taken by the immigration.at the speech Alfieri says “he allowed himself to be wholly known and for that I will love him more than my sensible clients. he means that even though Eddie was wrong he still believed in himself and if he wanted something he would go for it.

By Deepak Dhillon



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Feasibility Study For The Construction Of Cabins

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Feasibility Study For The Construction Of Cabins even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Feasibility Study For The Construction Of Cabins in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CABINS

Prepared by

Elise Paunic of McDuff, Inc.




Prepared for

McDuff, Inc.

April 0, 00



MEMORANDUM

DATE January 10, 00

TO Fred Washington, Headquarters Director of Land Resources

FROM Elise Paunic, Director of Alaska Division EP

SUBJECT Feasibility Study



As you requested, I will conduct a study to determine the feasibility of building three cabins on the 1.14 acres of land near Talkeetna, Alaska. The land is vacant at this time, and it can no longer be used for recreation activities, because the area is steadily becoming a residential neighborhood. McDuff, Inc. needs to put this land to use, but I will begin the feasibility study this week, and I will send you frequent updates of my progress. When the study is completed I will inform you with the results. Please give me a call if you would like additional details about the study or if you need any further work done regarding this matter.

Introductory Summary



McDuff, Inc. requested this feasibility study because the company owned land near Talkeetna, Alaska is vacant, and is not currently making any profits. The purpose of this feasibility study is to determine if the 1.14 acres of land could accommodate three 16 X 4 recreational cabins, which could then be rented out to generate potential revenue. There are three criteria I addressed within this study time, cost, and the overall effectiveness of the project. I recommend that McDuff, Inc. approves this project as soon as possible, and begins construction of the cabins on May 1st, 00.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

MEMO OF TRANSMITTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

INTRODUCTORY SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS & LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

PROJECT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

PROBLEM STATEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BACKGROUND INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

IMPLICATIONS OF THE PROBLEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

TIME CONSTRAINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

COSTS OF PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DETAILED COST INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

DETAILED COST INFORMATION CONTINUED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

EFFECTIVENESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHOSEN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

TABLES

1. Census Population History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

. Housing Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

. Estimated Total Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

FIGURES

1. Talkeetna Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

. Gantt Chart Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICES

A. Spenard Builders Supply (Building Kit Packet) . . . . . .16-4

B. Talkeetna Residents Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

C. Site Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

D. Acknowledgement of Existing Land Use Regulations 7-5



PROJECT DESCRIPTION

McDuff, Inc. builds rental cabins on previously remote land.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

In 160 McDuff, Inc. purchased 1.14 acres of remote land near Talkeetna, Alaska to use as recreation property, so employees could retreat to snow machine, dog sled, and engage in various recreational activities. In recent years the Talkeetna area has been experiencing a rapid growth in population, which has encircled this once remote property with year-round residences, borough maintained roads, and electricity supply. This land is no longer considered useful for its previously intended purpose. McDuff, Inc. is now faced with the dilemma of what to currently use this land for.

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

According to LeRoy Oscar Anderson, author of Wood-Frame House Construction (1), the four essentials of every good quality home are an efficient plan, the right materials, sound construction, and energy efficiency. By fulfilling the specifications listed below McDuff, Inc. will solve the previously stated problem

1. File an acknowledgement of existing land use regulations development checklist with the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, and include a sketch. Note both of these are attached at the end of this study in the appendix.

. Obtain necessary driveway permits.

. Approve water and wastewater disposal systems with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC).

4. Complete the design layout of three 16 X 4 cabins, and obtain necessary cabin materials and equipment.

5. Construct driveways.

6. Have Matanuska Electric Company (MEA) install the electricity supply to the property.

7. Prepare individual cabin sites for laying the foundations.

8. Install septic system.

. Drill well for water supply.

10. Construct each foundation for the cabins according to the design plans.

11. Erect the three 16 X 4 cabins.

1. Advertise the cabins for rent amongst the local area.

Provided that the above steps are completed, McDuffs land will no longer be vacant, and will begin generating substantial revenue.



BACKGROUND INFORMATION

a.) History of the Problem

According to the Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED), from the years 10 to 000 the population of Talkeetna has consistently been growing. The table below shows the most current data that was provided by DCED.

Census Population History

YEARS POPULATION

10 70

10 8

140 16

150 106

160 76

170 18

180 64

10 50

000 77

Table 1

Talkeetnas population has been on the rise for quite a few years, and each year the area attracts new visitors, which tend to become year-round residents. The small town of Talkeetna (an Indian word meaning river of plenty) is located at the mouth of the Talkeetna River where it meets with the Chulitna and Susitna Rivers. World-class charter fishing and scenic riverboat and raft trips make 00 miles of beautiful river accessible to all. Bear, beaver, bald eagle, and moose are frequently seen on the riverbanks. Nestled at the base of Mount McKinley, North Americas tallest peak, the historic village of Talkeetna has an outstanding panoramic view of the Alaska Range. Mountain climbers from all over the world travel to Talkeetna to attempt conquering Mount McKinley every year.

Talkeetna is a unique small rural community, and a major tourist attraction in Alaska. As you can see there are many different characteristics about Talkeetna that make it appealing to visitors, and to local residents. Due to the overwhelming amounts of visitors each year, and that many of those visitors wish to become residents there is an extreme demand for housing. By building these three rental cabins, McDuff, Inc. will be providing much needed housing for the area.



b.) Research on the Problem

After conducting a survey consisting of five yes or no questions amongst 0, year-round Talkeetna residents, the results of only one of those questions is listed in the following chart, but the complete survey is attached at the end of this study in the appendix.

Figure 1

As you can see many people feel that there is a definite demand for housing, and at this time not enough is available. The following information was provided by the DCED, which was obtained from the 000 U.S. Census

Housing Characteristics

Total Housing Units 58

Occupied Housing (Households) 58

Vacant Housing 170

Vacant Due to Seasonal Use 11

Owner-Occupied Housing 6

Median Value Owned Homes $88,000.00

Renter-Occupied Housing 5

Median Rent Paid $61.00

Total Households 58

Average Family Household Size .

Non-Family Households 177

Population living in Households 77

Population living in Group Quarters 0

Table

c.) Implications of the problem on the following areas society, safety, and environment

Since McDuff, Inc. has been using the 1.14 acres of land for employee retreats for some time now, but recently many residents have complained about snow- machines, and dogsled teams being in the residential area. In the past before the established residences came about it was perfectly fine to use the 1.14 acres for recreational purposes; although, at this current time if such activities continue it will have a negative impact on the society in Talkeetna.

This issue also brings about some safety concerns, because the land at one point did not have road access, so it was permitted to travel on snow machines, four-wheelers, and dog sleds. By now the land has borough maintained roads that cars and trucks travel on, and with the continuing use of snow machines, four-wheelers, and dog sled teams competing to use the well maintained roads could quite possibly cause some serious traffic accidents.

The environment conservation of this residential area is also a huge concern, because dog sled teams leave a lot of fecal matter behind. This area has a lot of children playing outside throughout each year, and the allowance of dog sled teams in the area could possibly inflict disease amongst the local residents. The use of snow machines, and four-wheelers in this area creates a noise obstruction, which takes away from the pristine beauty of the area.

FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS

There are three major criteria that I addressed. First, the time constraint issue, because Alaska building season is from May 1st through September 1st, so that is a fairly short period of time to finish the construction of three 16 X 4 cabins. Second, the cost of this project must be as little as possible although, the cabins must be of good quality for the price. Lastly, after the project is totally completed the project must prove its effectiveness, because it will bring in enough revenue to pay off McDuffs total costs for this project; furthermore, it must show that it was a good investment choice by the amount of revenue the three cabins will continuously generate.



TIME CONSTRAINTS

Alaska building season is from May 1st through September 1st, and below is a Gantt chart showing the pre-planned timeline to ensure the swift and successful completion of this project. The following timeline assumes that the below bulleted items have been completed prior to the beginning of building season

· An acknowledgement of existing land use regulations development checklist has been filed with the Matanuska-Susitna Borough.

· The driveway permits have been acquired.

· The cabins design layout has been drawn up, and all of the needed building materials have been acquired.



Figure

COSTS OF PROJECT

McDuff, Inc. has not defined a budget for this project; although, the ending result must be of good quality workmanship for the total cost spent. The three cabins will be built by purchasing three 16 X 4 recreational cabin-building kits from Spenard Builders Supply in Wasilla, Alaska. The following price information was obtained from local businesses in the Anchorage Municipality, and Matanuska-Susitna Borough areas.



Below is a table showing the estimated total costs for this project.

Materials Price Quote Source Prices



ICBO Inspector Talkeetna Real Estate $600.00

Excavation Craig Taylor Equipment $1,000.00

Well Hood & Sons Pump & Drilling Co. $4,500.00

Septic A-TWO Septic $5,000.00

Foundation Spenard Builders Supply $4,500.00

Framing Spenard Builders Supply $0,000.00

Plumbing Spenard Builders Supply $,000.00

Electrical Spenard Builders Supply $4,500.00

Insulation Spenard Builders Supply $1,500.00

Interior Trim Home Depot $,000.00

Appliances Home Depot $,000.00

Flooring Home Depot $1,500.00

Labor Approximate Bacon-Davis Wages $,000.00

Miscellaneous Matanuska-Susitna Borough $,000.00

TOTAL $,100.00

Table

DETAILED COST INFORMATION

Below is a detailed description of how each price quote was obtained along with the information that was provided

· ICBO Inspector I spoke with Roger at Talkeetna Real Estate, and he gave a price quote of $600.00, which is based on what it would cost to have an ICBO inspector travel from Wasilla to Talkeetna to perform the inspection verifying that the cabins are all built to the Matanuska-Susitna Borough building codes.

· Excavation I spoke with a representative at Craig Taylor Equipment, and the price quote of $1,000.00 is based on a rough estimate of what it would cost to rent the needed heavy equipment for the landscaping and construction needs for this project.



· Well I spoke with a representative at Hood & Sons Pump and Drilling Co. in Wasilla, Alaska, and the price quote he gave of $4,500.00 is a rough estimate of what it would cost to drill to install one well to accommodate the water needs of all three cabins. There would need to be one pressure tank installed in each cabin; whereas, one of those three pressure tanks would be the main pressure tank that runs the water pump from the well. The water pump would have to be at least 1/ horsepower to be effective. The rough estimate for installation of the entire system is $4,500.00.

· Septic I spoke to a representative at A-TWO Septic Co. in Wasilla, Alaska, and he said that one 1000-gallon tank would be needed to accommodate all three cabins, and since the cabins will be in close proximity of each other it is not necessary to install a separate septic system for each. The price quote of $5,000.00 is a rough estimate of what it would cost to install the entire septic system. The routine maintenance of the installed septic system would run approximately $160.00 for every two years.

· Foundation I spoke with a couple different representatives at Spenard Builders Supply in Wasilla, Alaska, and they provided me with a packet showing the detailed materials and prices that make up the total cost for a 16 X 4 recreational cabin building kit. I then multiplied those figures by three to come up with the price quote of $4,500.00 for the approximate total cost needed for all three of the cabins foundations.

· Framing Based on the building kit packet the costs were multiplied by three to show the total cost of what it will take to frame all three cabins. The approximate total framing cost is $0,000.00.

· Plumbing Based on the building kit packet the costs were multiplied by three to show the total cost of what it will require to do the plumbing for all three cabins. The approximate total plumbing cost is $,000.00.

· Electrical Based on the building kit packet the costs were multiplied by three to show the total cost of what it will take to wire all three cabins. The approximate total electrical cost is $4,500.00.

· Insulation Based on the building kit packet the costs were multiplied by three to show the total cost needed for the insulation in all three cabins. The approximate total cost is $1,500.00.

· Interior Trim After consulting a representative at Home Depot in Anchorage, Alaska, I was provided with the Home Depot Pro-Book Catalogue and some computer software that shows the price of everything that Home Depot sells. The interior trim costs I located within the software, and then multiplied the total costs by three to show the needed amount to install interior trim in all three cabins. The approximate total cost is $,000.00.



· Appliances In the Home Depot Pro-Book Catalogue I located the most reasonably priced sinks, appliances (stove, refrigerator, stack washer/dryer etc.), and bath tubs then I multiplied the cost of each by three to come up with the approximate total cost of all the appliances needed to accommodate three cabins. The rough estimate I acquired was $,000.00.

· Flooring In the Home Depot Pro-Book Catalogue I found the most economical flooring available then multiplied the total by three to acquire a rough estimate of the total cost to provide flooring to all three of the cabins. The rough estimate I acquired was $1,500.00.

· Labor I researched on the Internet, and located the Bacon-Davis wages for laborers in Alaska. In order to complete this project within the previously discussed timeline I figured that there will need to be at least two laborers working 40 hours a week for the entire 16 week building period. I chose to calculate the approximate labor costs by using the lowest Bacon-Davis wage of $16.84/hr. It is quite possible that the labor costs could exceed this figure since depending on the laborers skills and experience they might need to be paid a higher more appropriate wage. The total approximate costs for the labor of this project I found were $,000.00.

· Miscellaneous The reason I chose to put this miscellaneous figure into the potential total costs of this project is due to the fact that there could be some unforeseen costs accumulated during this project. Also, there are some legal fees for filing the necessary documents, and for acquiring the needed permits. The total miscellaneous cost I have figured in to the projects total cost is $,000.00.

EFFECTIVENESS

In order for this project to be implemented it must prove that it will result with supreme effectiveness, which means that the total costs accumulated upon completion of the project will be regained in the future from the revenue generated by the people paying the monthly rent on the cabins. As long as the three cabins are continuously rented out than McDuff, Inc. will continue to acquire substantial revenue long after the expenses for the project are reimbursed. According to the Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development (DECD) the most recent information available was taken from the 000 U.S. Census. The information states that Talkeetnas average median rent is $614.00 per month, so McDuff, Inc. could charge at very least that much per month for rent on each of the cabins. The calculations below are based on charging $700.00 per month on each of the cabins. This project is a very good investment choice. The following information proves the supreme effectiveness McDuff, Inc. will benefit from by choosing to engage in this investment.

Monthly Rent for 1 Cabin= $700.00

1 Months in a Year X 1

Total Income a Year from 1 Cabin= $8,400.00

Number of Cabins= X

Total Income a Year from Cabins= $5,00.00

Total Costs for Completion of Project= $,100.00

Total Income a Year from Cabins= $5,00.00 = .66 years

Total Income a Year from Cabins= $5,00.00

Number of Years to Reimburse Project Total Costs= X .66

Total Revenue Needed to Reimburse Project Total Costs= $,.00

It will take close to four years to reimburse McDuff, Inc. for the projects completion costs. After those costs have been regained McDuff, Inc. will continue to receive $5,00.00 revenue per year from the three cabins, which will be pure profit. The above calculations prove this projects supreme effectiveness.

CHOSEN SOLUTION

The chosen solution for the problem of what to do with the vacant land that McDuff, Inc has used for remote recreation property in the past is to build these three cabins. By doing so McDuff, Inc. will not only benefit from knowing that the land is being used, but also will make a lot of profit from the renters of the cabins. The chosen solution works because it will maintain the residential area, provide people with homes, and McDuff, Inc will be making profit from the land and the cabins.

CONCLUSION

After conducting this feasibility study I have found these conclusions

· The population in Talkeetna is steadily growing.

· There is a proven demand for housing in the Talkeetna area.

· Using the 1.14 acres of land as recreational property is no longer feasible.

This project involves minimal risks such as being able to meet the timeframe to successfully build three cabins within the short Alaska building season, and also a challenge to maintain full occupancy of the three cabins after the completion of the project. These risks are not that great, and the dedicated employees of McDuff, Inc. can overcome these risks and make this project successful through their well known structured teamwork capabilities. As you can see there are only two risks to take, but the benefits of making the choice to pursue this project are many. Benefits include

· Making profits from the vacant land.

· Making profits from the three rental cabins.

· Maintaining the residential area.

· Providing housing to people in need.

· Displaying the professional attitude of McDuff, Inc. among the Talkeetna people.

· Giving McDuff, Inc. a truly profitable investment that could last a lifetime.

Anyone who reads this feasibility study and has questions or concerns please feel free to contact me, and we can schedule a time to meet in order to provide you with a clearer understanding of this project. Thank you.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the process of completing this thorough feasibility study I have encountered several very educated people who assisted me in making this feasibility study possible. At this time I would like to acknowledge all who made this process easier by providing very informative data to me. Below is a list of businesses to which I am truly appreciative

v Home Depot

v Talkeetna Real Estate

v Craig Taylor Equipment

v Hood & Sons Pump & Drilling Co.

v A-TWO Septic

v Spenard Builders Supply

v The local residents of Talkeetna whom participated in my survey.

REFERENCES

Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development (000 U.S. Census) Population and Housing Characteristics. Retrieved April 06, 00, from http//www.dced.state.ak.us/cbd/commdb/CF_BLOCK.cfm

Anderson, L.O. (1). Wood-Frame House Construction. Carlsbad, CA

Craftsman Book Company.

Bacon-Davis Wages (00, December 0) Retrieved April 08, 00, from http//frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=Davis-Bacon&docid=AK00008

Mind that the sample papers like Feasibility Study For The Construction Of Cabins presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

annotation of DMX

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ENG 0 extra credit pop song

Artist DMX

Album Flesh of my flesh, Blood of my blood

Track Dogs 4 life






Love is / love and / I en / joy the / love a 5



But when / its con / flict then / it des / troys the / love b 6



You cant / toy with / love, ni / ggas take / it to / the heart c 6

You aint / goin / to find / too ma / ny ni / ggas will / ing to / bark in / the dark. d

The poem uses a lot of figurative language. There is a rhyme scheme in last line with bark and dark. The word “Love” is often repeated along with the word, niggas. Love however is not describing a romantic involvement with another person, it describes the tight relationship shared between friends. And the word “niggas” slang for the derogatory racist name “nigger” given to African Americans in the late 1800s, which now a days is a slang word relating to friends shared more often in the ghetto’s. There are a lot of metaphor’s used such as “niggas” as a slang reflection of African Americans now relating to friends, most commonly used in the ghetto’s. Another is the word “Dark” describing perhaps the unknowns, and undesirable risks we often either will or will not take in everyday life. The metaphor of “Toy”, describing playing with emotions. There is an alliteration in line 1 using “Love, Love, Love”.

And a repetition of “Love” is used in lines 1, and , as well as “you” in lines and 4, and “Niggas” in line and 4, as you can clearly see there is are a lot of metaphors and a lot of repetition in this stanza.

In this stanza DMX is talking about the love shared between he and his friends. He describes his relationships with the fellas as a committed contract type of love, a love that he would die for. But then there can be a conflict, that will destroy the love, perhaps over money, women or in this case a sour deal on any topic, something done to loose the trust. And describing toying with the love will destroy it, is to say that you cant play with the love, you cant approach the line of conflict then try and go back and mend things up over and over again. If you play with the love and trust of your friends then you may loose the love. Your friends that love you the ones that trust you with their lives and actually love you, will take to heart any of your actions that you present. In the last line he says you aint going to find too many niggas willing to bark in the dark. This I believe has different meanings, one is telling you that you are not going to find too many people to make friends that will be willing to go the limits for you. Not a lot of people are willing to stand up for themselves let alone to stand up and look out for some

one else. To bark in the dark I think speaks of walking around in the actual night time, I vision someone on the dark streets of the ghetto outside of a house looking for a friend that maybe just called him on the phone to meet up with him because he is in grave danger. Yet another way is to look at it like bark in the dark is the same as the old fraise of test the water before you jump into it. Only the real true love of a friend will press one to take risks of getting into and not knowing what they are really getting into.

The Lyrics are a direct statement to someone, however no one in particular, it is the

artist telling how you should relate with your friends niggas, and the importance of respecting the relationship you share with them.



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A Walk By The River

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The sudden, swift, severe summer storm caught me totally unaware. I was walking down Old Salem Road when the clouds started to build. I looked around as I huddled under a large, dead oak tree. Almost all of the houses on this abandoned street were too badly damaged for me to take shelter in, except for one.

The house loomed impressive and morbid in the greenish-black sky. A flash of lightning briefly illuminated the house. The windows were broken, but the superstructure seemed sound.

I was becoming soaked as I pondered my dilemma. Should I stay under the tree and risk getting hit by lightning or should I go into that old house, not know who, or what, might be in there? The storm decided for me. Lightning hit the tree, filling the air with the sent of scorched sap. I dashed onto the porch and pounded on the door. It was open.

What was that? I thought, my heart in my mouth. I slowly turned around. I didnt see anyone, but that didnt mean that there couldnt be someone else in the house with me. It was a large house. I hesitated before I went into the living room. My lantern, my best friend at the moment, showed off ancient paintings of a red-haired man with angular features and a host of antiques. Over a marble fireplace, in the far side of the room, hung a silvery mirror with plump, little cherubs surrounding it.




Crash. I jumped and almost dropped the lantern. My heart stopped as I listened for another sound. The silence throbbed in my ears. I stood at the bottom of the staircase. The sounds had come from upstairs. I swallowed my fears and climbed the stairs.

On the second floor I found a bathroom so obsolete that it didnt even have any running water. Since I didnt have any business to do in there, I left it undisturbed. I found several bedrooms laden with cloth-covered antiques, moth-ridden clothes that might have been beautiful at one time, and tarnished jewellery.

At the end of the second floor, I found yet another stair well. This one was dark and coated with lacy spider webs. It led to what must have been the childrens floor at one point. There was a playroom that took up most of the space, along with two bedrooms with dainty furniture, and the nurses room. What I mistook for a closet at first was really a narrow flight of stairs that lead into the attic.

A giant rat scampered across my feet. Its beady eyes glowed red in the flicker in lantern light. It hissed at me. I screamed and dropped my lantern. Suddenly, I was plunged into utter darkness. I took several deep breaths to calm my trembling body and finished my trek up the stairs.

Vivid flashes of lightning illuminated the attic. A vase lay in pieces in front of the broken window. Well, at least I know what caused the crash. I mused to myself. I found an old thread bare cloak. I had intended it used it to cover the broken window, but on my way there, I tripped over a large box.

The trunk wasnt locked, but age had rusted it shut. I gripped the top and pulled with all of my strength. The trunk protest, but finally gave in. Another rat jumped at my ankle. I yelled and lunged forward. I hit something solid inside the trunk. Whatever I had hit, it didnt feel like antiques or clothes. My hand wondered upward and found a large protruding.... nose! I turned my head and gasped.

A flash of lightning briefly seared the sky. The harsh light highlighted a wide mouth with vermilion lips, glowing canines, a nose, red curly hair and stern eyebrows. The mans eyes were open and staring at me.

Suddenly, the faint, acrid smell of wood smoke reached my nose. I felt something burning me. I pushed the man away and cried out. Fire felt like it was licking at me. I backed up against the far wall. The flames had already enveloped the man. As a second flash of lightning suddenly blinded me in a flash, I blinked. Opening my eyes quickly to maintain a view of the burning figure, nothing, just a mirror.

There was a sudden explosion when lightning hit the roof above me. I was blown out of the window and into a slimy fountain. The piercing wail of a siren cut through the crackle of the burning house.

A fire fighter lifted me out of the fountain. I stared at his neck. Suddenly, I felt a sharp pain in my mouth. I cried out. The fire fighter hugged me once then wrapped me in a blanket. I blacked out as I was slipped into a waiting ambulance.



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UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO MANAGEMENT THEORY.

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. UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO MANAGEMENT THEORY.

a) Classical-Scientific

How best to manage & organize work more efficiently to improve productivity.

Taylor’s 4 principles of scientific management




1- Examine each part of task.

- Select suitable workers & train them.

- Cooperate with workers to guarantee they use scientific

methods.

4- Divide work & responsibility.

Functions of management



1. PLANNING - setting goals, working out best way to achieve them.

a) Strategic Planning long-term planning.

b) Tactical Planning Short-term planning. (1 or years)

c) Operational Planning Day-to-day planning.

. ORGANISING - next stage of management.

Determines

• what is to be done

• who does it

• how

Involves translating plans into reality to achieve goals.

. CONTROLLING - measuring actual performance in a business and comparing measurements to what was planned.

CHAIN OF COMMAND line of authority from top of business to bottom. Order of who reports to whom.

SPAN OF CONTROL number of subordinates who report to a manager. Determines number of levels in a business & how long the chain of command will be.

WORK SPECIALISATION tasks in a business are divided into separate jobs.

AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE managers have a high degree of direction & permit little or no participation in decision making by subordinates.

b) Behavioral Theory.

Management as leading Leading is having vision of where the business should be heading too, & being able to direct & motivate human resources in an organization.

Management as motivating Motivation is the individual, internal process that energizes, directs & sustains individual behavior.

Work practices need to be put in place to motivate the workers.

Flat organizational Structure Wider span of control.

Decreases chain of command-

(Number of levels in management)

Gives greater responsibility to individuals in organization.

Teams Teamwork involves people who interact & coordinate their work toward a common goal.

Participative or Democratic leadership style One who consults with employees, takes their opinions & considers them when making decisions.

c) Political Management Theory.

Organizational politics- often the unwritten rules of work life.

Involve pursuit of self-interest through informal methods of gaining power or advantage.

Uses of power & influence power is the ability gather together resources to get something done.

Legitimate power- given because of the status or the position of the person within the firm.

Expert power- emerges as a result of a person’s skills and expertise.

Referent power- comes from peoples individual characteristics.

Inspires & influences others. .

Reward power- relates to rewards or compensation a manager distributes for doing a good job.

Coercive power- controls individuals by actions or words of the manager in organization.

Contingency Management Theories.

Borrow bits & pieces from range of management practices & blend to best suit their organizations requirements.

Systems Management Theories.

Viewed as an integrated process- all the individual parts contribute to the whole.

SYSTEM set of interrelated parts that operate as a whole to achieve common goal.

Four main components of organization

1. INPUTS- human, financial.

. TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES- converts inputs into finished product.

. OUTPUTS- products, profit.

4. FEEDBACK- info bout organizations performance to stated goals.

Strategic Alliances

Two or more businesses join forces to achieve a particular goal. Benefits both companies.

Networks

Set of links between different organizations & their people.

Content, form or structure view.

STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES!

Classical-Scientific theory-

Strength results in increased productivity.

Weakness neglects human & social needs of employees.

Behavioral theorists-

Strength forces managers to reassess simple machine model.

Weakness positive result may not always be immediate.

Political theory-

Strength explains power basis.

Weakness sources of real power-difficult to locate & analyze.



Mind that the sample papers like UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO MANAGEMENT THEORY. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

The Manager’s Role in Building An Innovative Organization

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The Manager’s Role in Building

An Innovative Organization

Tameisha L. Jenkins




MANAGEMENT MGT/0

Mr. George Arnold

October 1, 00





To summarize the article, “The manager’s role in building an innovative organization”, the author Patrick M. Buhler stresses the thought that it has come to the point that an organization very survival may depend upon whether or not the organization is innovated. But in order for it to be innovated the right culture must exist. Therefore, key management must look at the organization critically to determine when and where innovation should take place. Managers must risk takers. They must be given (my own thoughts here) the “go ahead” by the policy makers (stock holders and board of directors) to start the process of innovation utilizing their respective talents and encouraging and accepting input from employees. All of the above must include customer involvement on an ongoing basis.

The author makes the comparison of “Building an innovative culture” and the key role that managers play in shaping, reinforcing and supporting this new culture. And that the firm (President/CEO, board and stock holders) supports this innovated move. There must be tolerance of risk taking and openness to change. The openness to change is often times reflected in the organization commitment to learning new ideas. Employees must be giving encouragement to raise question and offer their input.

Another management plan is, “the role of structure an innovative organization”.

Here the author indicates that the organizational structure must be able to support an innovative organization, which they can either enhance or destroy. The organization must be given enough slack so that a flexible structure can be built. If an organization is highly bureaucratic it might stifle innovation. Should this be the case the author suggests that a new unit be created that is separate from “the old structure.” He relates this strategy used by General Motors when it developed its Saturn division. He states further that those organizations that are more decentralized and have open communication have more innovative possibilities.

In his final management plan, “Cross-functional teams” he indicates that these types of teams have been able to more effectively integrate people in process across organizational levels. This team made up of the organization’s employees, are from various functional units within the organization. In other words, the various units working with each other rather than the traditional independency. This cross functional team can also spot immediately where a particular customer’s need is to be met.

In comparing these types of managerial plans I believe all are required in building an innovative organization. There must be built innovative culture set forth by the managers and involving employees at the ground level. This provides openness and ownership for this culture and for change. The structure of the organization plays important role in the openness for innovation. Where there is strict bureaucracy it must become flexible. For further success in building an innovative organization the various units must become cross-functional so that customer needs can be easily recognized and built into the organizational changes.

I believe through building an innovative organization and the role that manager’s play that is developed a new environment and social consideration of management planning. The new environment comes via of building the innovative culture and the different relationships that have developed between employees and management where all are working for a common cause for the good of the organization. All involved can declare victory for the organization. Therefore, they are better able to serve customers, better market and sell their product or service and in turn produce a profit for the stockholders. It becomes a win-win situation.





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Marketing plan for PRC property

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Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary 1

. Situation Analysis 1

.1 Market Summary 1




.1.1¡@Market Demographics 1

.1.¡@Market Supply

.1.¡@Market Demand 4

. Product Analysis 5

..1¡@Situation and Locality 5

..¡@Description 7

..¡@The Site 7

..4¡@The Development Scheme 7

..5¡@Accommodation 7

. Product Offering

.4 Competitive Analysis

.5 Environmental Analysis 10

.5.1¡@Economic Analysis 10

.5.¡@Legal Analysis 10

.5.¡@Political Analysis 11

.5.4¡@Social Analysis 1

.5.5¡@Technology Analysis 1

.6 SWOT Analysis 1

.6.1¡@Strengths 1

.6.¡@Weaknesses 14

.6.¡@Opportunities 14

.6.4¡@Threats 14

. Marketing Strategy 15

.1 Marketing Objectives 15

. Financial Objectives 15

. Target Markets 15

..1¡@Demographic 15

..¡@Behavior 15

..¡@Psychographics 16

.4 Positioning 16

.5 Strategies 16

.6 Marketing Mix 18

.6.1 Product 18

.6. Pricing 1

.6. Placing 1

.6.4 Promotion 1

4. Financials 0

4.1 Break-even Analysis 0

4. Revenue Forecast 0

4. Cost Forecast

4.4 Project Overview 4

5. Controls 4

5.1 Implementation 4

5. Marketing Organization 6

6. Appendix 7

6.1 External View of the Building 7

6. Elevation Plan of the Building 8

6. Weekly Sales and Receivable Summary

7. References 5



1. Executive Summary

Due to the completion of two highly successful property projects in Beijing, namely Investment Plaza in Finance Street and Palace Apartment in Chaoyang District, Chun Sing Group Company Limited commences its development of International E-Trade Tower ¡]¥_¨Ê¸U¨¹¬ì¶T¤j·H¡^in Yabao Road of Chaoyang District.

The market research indicates a specific and growing need in the area of commercial and office units in the area. In view of the unique market situation in this region, the office units of have been well received by the market, even though the building is scheduled to be completed by end of 00. As at the end of 15th November 001, about 60% of the office units have been pre-sold to the local traders and state-owned import/export companies with official pre-sale contract signed and prepayment paid.

The marketing objective is to increase awareness and image, actively support steady sales and profitability through effective implementation of the strategy.

. Situation Analysis

.1 Market Summary

We possess good information about our market and know a great deal about the common attributes of out target customers. We will leverage this information to better understand whom we serve, their specific needs and how we can better meet the market need.



.1.1¡@Market Demographics

Beijing Municipality includes ten districts and eight counties. The central urban area is located within the Third Ring Road and includes the Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chongwen and Xuanwu districts, which the outer districts consist of Chaoyang, Fengtai, Haldian and Shijingshan districts. The central urban area of Beijing city encircled by the Third Ring Road has a total area of approximately 0 square kilometers.



According to the result of 5th population survey of Beijing, conducted by Beijing Statistics Bureau in October 000, the total population in Beijing is 1.8 million. The total Beijing population grew by 7.7% over the decade (July, 10 to October, 000), which is .4% on average per year.

1 000

Total Beijing 1,4. 1,81.

Urban Beijing 65.4 11.5

Dongcheng 71.0 5.6

Xicheng 85. 70.7

Chongwen 46. 4.6

Xuenwu 6. 5.6

Inner Suburb 514.6 68.8

Chaoyang 181.5 .0

Fengtai 106. 16.

Shijinshan 40.4 48.

Haidian 186.4 4.0

Outer Suburb 7.7 00.7

Source Report of the 5th Population Survey and Beijing Statistics Year Book 000, Beijing Statistics Bureau.

The annual disposable income per capita of urban households reached RMB10,50, up 1.7% over 1, a real increase of 8. % if eliminating the price factor, with the annual average growth rate standing at 7.1% in the period of the th Five - Year Plan.

The annual per capita living expenses of urban residents in Beijing reached RMB8,44, up 1.5% over the previous year, a real increase of .5% if eliminating the price factor and the actual annual growth rate averaged 6.% in the five years.

.1.¡@Market Supply

Due to the severe over-supply in 18 after the release of a large amount of high-quality large-scaled properties including Phase of China Trade Center (°ê¶T¤¤¤ß¤G�Á), China Resources Building (µØ¼í¤j·H), Kerry Center (¹Å¨½¤¤¤ß)and Oriental Plaza (ªF¤è¼s³õ), most of the developers had postponed their developments in Beijing. As a result, the amount of new office space available now is relatively limited.





This situation is very severe in the Grade-B office market in Chaoyang area especially after the plan of establishing a Central Business District in Beijing has been announced.

As per the recent research of Debenham Tie Leung (DTZ), the planning of Central Business District (¡§CBD¡¨) in Beijing forms an integral part of the tenth Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (covering 001 to 005). The planned Chaoyang CBD will cover an area of 4 sq.m. between Second Ring Road and Third Ring Road, from Chaoyangmen (�¶§ªù) to Jianguomen (�Ø°êªù). The design of CBD has yet to be finished and many developers have been asked to temporarily halt their projects, limiting the supply of the office area in the coming few years. The 4 sq.km. CBD area currently houses the offices of Global-500 enterprises and half of the star-rated hotels in Beijing. Government factories built in the 150s occupy almost two thirds of the zone area and will be demolished to release valuable land and for redevelopment. As per the general guidelines, 50% of the zone will be planned for office buildings, 5% for residential apartments and 5% for commercial services.

According to FPD Savills research report, there were no new Grade B office space coming onto the market in the first quarter 001 and the total stock remained unchanged at 1.6 million sq.m. as of April 001. In the CBD area, there are Grade B office properties for sale and pre-sale, including International E-Trade Tower and IT Building.

.1.¡@Market Demand

Since 1, the IT boom, the recovery from the Asian Financial Crisis and China¡¦s accession to the WTO have boosted the office demand in Beijing. Besides, the commercialization of many Chinese state-owned enterprises have aroused the need of corporate image improvement, leading to a demand for office space of better quality.

According to various research reports conducted by international property consultants such as DTZ and FPDSavills, high-tech companies still demonstrated strong demand for office space, in particular the non-internet-related companies from the end of 000 through to early 001. Such traditional hi-tech companies as telecommunication companies, software developers and computer manufacturers achieved a particularly remarkable performance. Financial institutions followed high-tech companies as the second largest industry that took up office space in Q4, 000. Apart from banks, insurance companies and securities firms, strong demand also stemmed from investment companies. Another source of demand, which should not be ignored, is real estate companies, in particular real estate development companies. In addition, China¡¦s accession to WTO and successful bid for 008 Olympic in Beijing will keep the Beijing office price at a reasonably high level.

According to the research of Cushman & Wakefield, Beijing¡¦s project rental growth for Grade A office for the coming one year is the highest among various metropolitans in Asia.

Projected Growth For the Period from June 001 to June 00

Cities Projected Rental Growth

Beijing +10%

Seoul +5%

Shanghai +5%

Kuala Lumpur 0%

Manila -5%

Taipei -5%

Singapore -10%

Hongkong -1%



. Product Analysis

..1¡@Situation and Locality

International E-Trade Tower is situated to the east of Chaowai Toutiao Street and west of Xiushui Lane, to the south Palace Apartment and north of Yabao Road in Chaoyang District in Beijing.

The property is also located in the Chaowai commercial area, close to high quality office properties including Full link Plaza, China Lift Tower, Prime Tower, Union Plaza and China Resources Building. However, the immediate locality comprises a mixture of middle class residential and office blocks intermingled with street stores clustered along Yabao Road.

The property will be more influenced by the community in the immediate neighborhood which is full of business dealing with wholesales and export (to East European Countries) of light industrial products including all sorts of garment, children¡¦s clothes, shoes, leather products, watches and electronic appliances. The community has started to take its form since early 10¡¦s. After 10 year¡¦s development, many service companies emerged, including translation, parcel handling, transportation agents, banking, ticketing and visa agents.

Various modes of public transportation (subways and buses) are conveniently available to the property. East Second Ring Road passed the west side to the site. Further improvement of the accessibility to the area is under planning. Furthermore, Capital International Airport is located within 0 minute¡¦s drive away from the property under normal traffic conditions.



Location Map of International E-Trade Tower

..¡@Description

Pursuant to the master layout plan, International E-Trade Tower will, upon full completion, comprises 1 block of quality office tower of total gross floor area of 8,0 square meter. The details of this office development are described in .4 below. The local urban planning administration bureau has approved the master layout plan.

..¡@The Site

The property occupies a parcel of rectangle-shaped site with a site are of approximately 5,06.85 square meters.

The property is situated in Chaoyang District in Beijing. The site has its western boundary abutting onto Chaowai Toutiao Street, its northern boundary abuts onto Palace Apartment and its eastern and southern boundaries abut onto Xiushuihe Lane and No. 7 Yabao Road.

..4¡@The Development Scheme

International E-Trade Tower will be a 0-storey office tower above basement levels with one level for car-parking uses. The Building is expected for completion by the end of December 00.

The Building is constructed of reinforced concrete and the external façade will be finished with reflective glass curtain walling with cladding panel. The main entrance lobby of the Building will be situated on Yabao Road. The ingress and egress leading down to the car-parking basement will be provided on the 1st level at the southern boundary of the site.

..5¡@Accommodation

According to the Technological Report for Building and Land Survey, the saleable gross floor areas of the constituent levels of the Building are as follows



Level Sq. meter.

1st 1,60.5

nd 1,40.7

rd ¡V 11th ( levels @ 1,46.4 sq. m.) 1,.46

1th ¡V 1th (8 levels @ 1,08.88 sq. m.) 8,71.04

0th 5.4

Total 6,576.45

According to the development proposal, the Building, upon full completion will be equipped with modern office facilities including inter alia

„P Electrical Services

„P Air-conditioning system

„P Fire Service System

„P Fiber optic electric cable linked to the ISDN

„P Computerized automatic supervision Security system.



Building Floor Plan ¡V Floor 15-



. Product Offering

International E-Trade Tower¡¦s is a commercial complex situated in Yabao Road. It is two types of layout and design to suit different customer need

„P Floor 1st ¡V7th - Commercial

„Q Target for the wholesalers of all sorts of garment;

„Q East European Traders of light industrial products; or

„Q Parcel handling, transportation agents, banking, ticketing agent and visa agents.

„P 8th Floor thereof - Office

„Q Each flat have their own water supply and toilets;

„Q I.T. company;

„Q Translation business; or

„Q Other services company might require 4 hours services.

.4 Competitive Analysis

Currently, most of the offices available around Yabao Road tend to be small-sized of 0-100 sq .m. Moreover, they are characterized by poor renovation, lack of professional property management, and unreasonably high rentals of about USD 40 - 6/sq.m. per month.

Name of Building

Total Area

(sq.m.) Average

Area of Office Unit (sq.m.)

Facilities Rental

(USD/sq.m./mth.)

China Resources

Building 70,000 7-1560 Restaurants, club house 40

International Bldg. 60,000 50 or multiples N/A 6

Kai Wei Building 0,000 -700 Restaurant, business center

Ya Bao Building 0,000 0-40 N/A 80

Guo Xing Building 5,000 10-60 N/A 67

Ji Li Building 1,000 14-60 Escalators 6

Centralized Air-conditioning and elevators are standard features of all of these buildings.

N/A = Not Available



.5 Environmental Analysis

.5.1¡@Economic Analysis

Beijing is China¡¦s capital city and is the second largest industrial center after Shanghai. With a successful bid for the 008 Olympic games, Beijing will make substantial investment in environmental protection, infrastructure and transportation networks, stimulating its economic growth up to 008 and laying a strong foundation for long-term economic development.

Beijing Economic Data End of 000

Amount

(in HKD ¡¥bil.) % Change

compared with 1

GDP .08 + 11.0%

Retail Sales 15.85 + .%

Industrial Output 16.04 + 1.0%

Fixed Asset Investment 1.64 + 11.0%

Foreign Trade (Export & Import) .6 + 8.0%

Contracted Foreign Investment .45 + 17.0%

USD 1 = HKD 7.78

HKD 1 = RMB 1.06

Source FPDSavills Research, Beijing Statistical Year 000

While Chinas accession to membership in the WTO by the end of 001 acted to improve investment sentiment in Beijing, an increasing number of Chinese and foreign enterprises such as IT, high-tech, finance, insurance and consultancy sectors are now gearing up to establish or expand their presence in Beijing.

The Beijing property market would benefit from rising demand on the back of accelerated economic growth, while consumption spending would increase in the stronger economy.

.5.¡@Legal Analysis

All land in China belongs to the state or the collectives. Foreign investors may only obtain a land use right, rather than land ownership. Whilst in practice a particular site may exist in possession of a specific land occupier, the primary market of real estate, where a land use right is acquired by foreign investors to develop and use the land, is ultimately monopolized by the state.

Under article 8 of the 10 Interim Rules, developer may finance construction cost by the following ways

„P Raise mortgages on an acquired land use right from the local or overseas financial institution to which they have mortgaged the land use certificate for the loan required;

„P Sold the property in advance before its actual development is fully completed and end-user mortgage are very popular among customers nowadays.



Property development could achieve good results in China due to a large potential demand. However, there are problems on several fronts in the arena of real estate investment in China. Firstly, a lot of uncertainties in relation to property matters are not clear. There has been little real estate law developed so far, making foreign investors unsure of how to weigh up China¡¦s long-term market, thus greatly hindering property development from a solid industry there. To maintain a healthy real estate business, a comprehensive body of legislation becomes compulsory.

.5.¡@Political Analysis

Earlier 001, the Beijing government gave the go-ahead for the plan to turn an area of four square kilometers in east Beijing Chaoyang District into a CBD. CBD is a 4 square kilometer section of Chaoyang district with its heart at the intersection of Jianguomen Avenue and the rd Ring Road. To the south it is bounded by the Tonghui River.

Wide ranges of supporting amenities are available in the CBD, it is anticipated that future office developments will largely be concentrated in CBD. The occupancy rates of quality buildings in prime CBD areas will likely remain at a relatively high level.



Location map of CBD

.5.4¡@Social Analysis

Office market is very unique in Yabao Road. This area is characterized by the concentration of businesses dealing with wholesales of light industrial products, watches and electronic appliances, and export of these goods to Eastern European countries. The community has started to take its current form since early 10s. After 10 year¡¦s development, many service companies have emerged, including translation services, parcel handling, transportation agents, banking, ticketing and visa agents. The region can easily be distinguished from others as the signs and logos posted outside by companies located there very often are in Eastern European languages. Requirements from the trading companies and service firms are not of high quality, Grade B or Grade C. Unit sizes range from 0 to 100 square meters on net area basis. Rents are up to US$40 on net area basis, almost double rent level in office project of the same grade located elsewhere in the city.

.5.5¡@Technology Analysis

As there is no new commercial building of Grade A and E-trade concept located in Yababo Road for years. Hence, the design of the International E-Trade Tower should be in such a way that effectively graphs the opportunity

„P The external will use glass and high quality aluminum in order to gain the feel of cyber look;

„P Facade of the building is constructed from imported stones to give the building an elegant feel;

„P Double class windows reach the floor make the office environment modern, quiet and brighter;

„P Employ a consolidated nuclear system to provide comprehensive information services with a computer intelligence data web;

„P To support the need of high tech companies, the building will be able to accommodate 10,000M of fiber option lines inside and 100M for each desk.

.6 SWOT Analysis

The following SWOT analysis captures they key strengths and weaknesses of the International E-Trade Tower, and describes the opportunities and threats facing the Beijing office market.

.6.1¡@Strengths

„P Located at the Ambassador Region of Chaoyang District which is surrounded by numerous well known commercial complex;

„P Unique market situation which is well received by wholesalers and Eastern European traders;

„P With various modes of public transportation including subways and buses are conveniently available in the district.

„P Capital International Airport is located within 0 minutes of driving time under normal traffic condition;

„P Developer with financial strength and strong relationship with relevant municipal government department such as State Land Administration Bureau, Construction Ministry and various utilities departments;

„P Up to 70% mortgaged loans provide by 4 local banks;

„P Attractive return of investment ¡V yield upto 0% p.a.;

„P Energy-saving design, modern and high-tech outlook;

„P Efficiency rate of the building up to 70%;

„P Advanced telecommunication backbone;

„P Great flexibility and adaptability for suit the ever-changing office automation environments and various space layouts;

„P levels of indoor car parks.



.6.¡@Weaknesses

„P Potential buyer usually take a very conservative attitude towards pre-development sale;

„P The property is at the very early development stage, can¡¦t met the customers¡¦ immediate need.

.6.¡@Opportunities

„P China¡¦s accession to WTO and successful bid for 008 Olympic in Beijing will keep the Beijing office at a large potential demand;

„P Old buildings in Yabao Road will be demolished by 00, trading and service companies in the zone become potential buyer of the property;

„P Most developers preferred to hold properties for lease as a result of high yields, thus sales continued to maintain the momentum;

„P De-monopolized telecom sector result the rising levels of office acquisitions for their own self-use;

„P The occupancy rates of quality building in prime CBD areas will likely remain at a relatively high level;

„P The supply of land is monopolized by the state so as to maintain the market stability

.6.4¡@Threats

„P The weakening of US and Japan¡¦s economy dampened the world economic growth and had a rippled effect on Beijing office market;

„P Some office space was released back to the market by ¡§dotcoms¡¨ and other high-technology companies. This space, with that carried over, dampened the market further in terms of asking rents;



. Marketing Strategy

.1 Marketing Objectives

1. Increased awareness and image;

. Arousing potential buyers¡¦ interest and desire to purchase;

. To achieve accumulated sales of 80% of saleable area before completion;

4. Increasing the average dollar amount per transaction.

. Financial Objectives

1. Generate total sales of RMB7,168,000,000 or above;

. Maintain average selling price of USD 1,800 per sq.m. ;

. Realize profit before tax of RMB117,744,000

. Target Markets

..1¡@Demographic

„P Investor-buyer

„Q Sex male

„Q Age Above 0

„Q Annual income HK$600,000 or above

„Q Merchant, Director, Executives, or Professionals who is familiar or show interest on Beijing Property;

„P End-user

„Q Tenants in Chaoyang District, especially Ya Bo Building, Ji Li Building, Guo Xing Building;

„Q Old building owners in Yabao Road;

„Q Carrying business in the district;

„Q Trading companies and service firms in the zone;

„Q Potential tenants still on the waiting list of buildings in Chaoyang District;

„Q As they are carrying on business, they do not have extra money, so end-user financing is necessary;

„Q I.T., telecom, transportation agents, ticketing and visa agents

..¡@Behavior

„P Investor-buyer

„Q Tight working schedule;

„P End-user

„Q Depth understanding the supply and demand of the market; and local government policy.

..¡@Psychographics

„P Investor-buyer

„Q Emphasis on the high yield investment, preferable guarantee return for a fixed period;

„Q Prefer developer offer supports, such as end-user financing, rental handling services etc.

„P End-user

„Q Prefer developer offer greater discount and end-user financing from financial institutions;

„Q Flexibility on adjusting internal layout plan to meet their need.

.4 Positioning

For the unique market situation and heavy traffic of Yabao Road, the design of International E-Trade Tower is a commercial complex. The first seventh floors is commercial flat and eighth floor or above being office unit. Its design emphasis on flexibility, well-equipped and modern office facilities

„P Sufficient lifts and escalators to facilitate the heavy traffic;

„P 4 hours air-condition;

„P Each units have the flexibility to split the layout into units of 0M each;

„P Accommodate 10,000M of fiber option lines inside and 100M for each unit



.5 Strategies

The single objective is to position International E-Trade Tower as the best choice of commercial complex for the Trader and Investors in Chaoyang District. The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding the products and services offered. Develop that customer base; establish connections with targeted markets and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals.

The company¡¦s four main marketing strategies are

1. Increased awareness and image;

. Arousing potential buyers¡¦ interest and desire to purchase;

. Leveraging existing customer base;

4. Cross selling

Strategy #1

INCREASED AWARNESS AND IMAGE ¡V Informing those not yet aware of the International E-Trade Tower.

„P Adverting

„Q Signboard on the site

„Q Newspaper

„Q Magazine (e.g. Air China, Silk Road, CAAC Inflight Magazine, Beijing Property etc)

„Q Television

„Q Web site on property section (e.g. www.tom.com)

„Q Press release

„P Show Flat

Strategy #

AROUSING POTENTIAL BUYERS INTEREST AND DESIRE TO PURCHASE ¡V Emphasis the high yield and supply in the zone

„P ¡§Burst Pattern¡¨ advertising before the Exhibition held

„Q Emphasis the high yield on investment;

„Q Emphasis the unique and limited supply in the zone;

„Q Emphasis the financial strength of the developer

„P Exhibitions

„Q Attract all the potential buyers to the Exhibition;

„Q Exhibition held on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, small exhibition hall, so as to develop a ¡¥Shopping rush¡¦ atmosphere;

„P Guarantee return

„Q Developer to guarantee first years¡¦ rental income of not less than 0% to the investors

Strategy #

LEVERAGING EXISTING CUSTOMER BASE ¡V Our best sales in the future will come from our current customer base.

„P Newsletter

„Q As it is the third Beijing project of the group, and all the projects are with different nature. Company can make use for existing customer base;

„Q Additional discount offer to existing customers;

„Q Sales promotions Events;

„Q Direct mail

„P Customer Service and Relationships

„Q Personal buyer support (e.g. arrange end-user financing)

„Q Follow up contact

„P Additional Experiences

„Q Tailor made internal layout plan to need individual user need during the pre-development stage

Strategy #4

CROSS SELLING ¡V Increasing the average dollar amount per transaction.

„P Internal

„Q Design and Decoration company of group offers free design and special discount for buyer

„P Property agency Services

„Q Marketing department of the company can source potential tenant for those investor-buyers



.6 Marketing Mix

.6.1 Product



International E-Trade Tower¡¦s is a commercial complex situated in Yabao Road. It is two types of layout and design to suit different customer need

„P Floor 1st ¡V7th - Commercial

V Size in the range from 45M to 160M, to meet different customers¡¦ need;

V In view of the heavy traffic, each floor should have larger lobby;

V Target for the wholesalers of all sorts of garment;

V East European Traders of light industrial products; or

V Parcel handling, transportation agents, banking, ticketing agent and visa agents.

„P 8th Floor thereof - Office

V Size in the range from 100M to 160M, to meet customers¡¦ need;

V Each flat have their own water supply and toilets;

V Translation business; or

V Other services company might require 4 hours services.

.6. Pricing

Overall price is 5% to 10% lower than the market-selling price. In view of the limited supply and high yield for the commercial units.



„P Floor 1st ¡V7th - Commercial

V 1st Floor averaging USD ,400/M

V nd Floor averaging USD ,00/M

V rd Floor averaging USD ,00/M

V 4th Floor averaging USD ,100/M

V 5th Floor averaging USD ,000/M

V 6th to 7th averaging USD 1,500/M

„P 8th Floor thereof - Office

V Averaging USD 1,8500/M

.6. Placing

According the our findings, the most effective location of promoting the International E-Trade Tower will the showroom in the site and regular hiring the exhibition hall.



.6.4 Promotion

The most successful advertising and promotion has been through the following

„P Signboard

„P Television Advertisement

„P Web sites

„P Newspaper

„P Magazines

„P Exhibitions



4. Financials

This section will offer a financial overview of the project as it relates to our marketing activities. We will address break-even information; revenue forecast and cost forecast, and how those link to our marketing strategy.

4.1 Break-even Analysis

The break-even Analysis below illustrates the sq.m. that we must realize to break-even. In construction business, construction cost becomes a fixed cost, regardless the sales meet, and developer has to guarantee completion. While turnover tax and marketing cost will be the variable cost on the project.



RMB000¡¦s

Construction Cost 1,600

Variable cost (Turnover tax & Marketing exp) 17,568

Break-even Revenue 7,168



Break-even selling price and corresponding sq.m. to be sold

Price(USD/ sq.m.) 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,850 1,880 1,00

Sq. m. sold 17,85 16,80 15,875 15,446 15,1 15,0



4. Revenue Forecast

Scheduled to be completed at the end of 00, International E-Trade Tower has been for sale since the last quarter of 000 and the asking sales price ranges from USD1,800 to USD,00 per sq.m., which is more reasonable than IT Building of USD,800 per sq.m.

The revenue projection shown below highlighted that there will be two types of revenue, namely the revenue from selling property interest and the rental income. For the sales, it is anticipated that 0% of the property interest of commercial flats will be sold during the three years ending 00 which will generate a sum of RMB66 millions while 50% car parking spaces will be sold to generate a sum of RMB 8.7 millions. The remaining property interest will be held for long-term investment purpose to earn rental income.





001

00

00 004 &

after

Total

Property Sales

Commercial Flat

No. Flat Sold 115 40 0 175

Average Area per Flat 11.68 14.60 14.60 1.

Area Sold 1,76 5,84 , ,7

% total salable area 54% 4% 1% 0%

Price (USD)/m 1,885. 1,880.00 1,50.00 1,00.00

Revenue (RMB000¡¦s) 15,4 ,74 48,45 57,

Car Parking Space

No. Spaces sold 58 58

Unit Price (RMB) 150,000 150,000

Revenue (RMB000¡¦s) 8,700 8,700

Total Sales Income 15,4 ,74 57,15 65,





Rental Income

001

00

00 004 &

after

Total

Commercial Flat

No. Flat Rented 1

Area Rented 14.6

Rent (USD)/ m/month 60.00

% Occupancy 100%

Annual Rental Income (RMB000¡¦s) 16,86

Car Parking Spaces

No. Spaces Rented 58

Rent RMB/Space/month 800

% Occupancy 100%

Annual Rental Income (RMB000¡¦s) 55

Total Annual Rental Income (RMB000¡¦s) ,576



The above revenue forecast is based on the following assumptions

„P Revenue shown in 001 is in fact the actual record based on the preliminary sales and purchase agreements entered into by the buyers (i.e. averaging at USD1,885./m);

„P Average price from 00 is USD1,880/m for all the flats sold regardless the location factors such as the orientation, size, shape and the floor level throughout the year;

„P Budget sales during 00 will be evenly spread over the period at the rate of 5 flats per month, a pretty conservative sales target;

„P Selling price for 00 will be averaging USD1,50/m. The increase is due to the property may have reached the topped-up stage which is ready for out-right sales, a traditional price adjustment stage;

„P No pre-sale for car parking spaces until 00 that is only after reaching the topped-up stage;

„P Selling price of car parking space is set at RMB150,000 per unit;

„P 58 out of 116 or 58% of car parking spaces will be sold in 00. The selling will be spread over the period at the average turnover rate of 15 units each month commencing immediately at the beginning of Spring, that is February 00 and ending in May, 00 with only 1 units sold;

„P Payment Terms for Sale as follows

Type of Property



One-off payment

Mortgage

Weight % of total sales round

up above decimal point 8% of total sales round up above decimal point



Commercial Flat and Office Units Upon singing preliminary S&P, Buyer pays USD5,000 as deposit Upon singing preliminary S&P, the Buyer pays USD5,000 as deposits



Balance settled spread over four months 0% deposits after deducting USD5,000 shall be spread over five months



Balance settled at the fifth months



Car Parking Spaces Upon singing preliminary S&P, Buyer pays the whole amount

Not Applicable



„P Only 80% of the saleable area can be disposed of, and the remaining units will be held as long term investment of the company;

„P The renting activities of the remaining units will commence in June 00 and will be projected as revenue at the beginning of 004;

„P In view of the shortage supply in the market, the occupancy for both commercial block and car parking spaces will be expected to reach 100%.



4. Cost Forecast

RMB000 RMB000

Land Cost (Note a) 85,000

Construction Cost

1 Foundation 10,50

Main Contractor 4,10

Foundation and Structure 1,400

4 Curtain Wall 18,600

5 Drainage System 6,00

6 Air-conditioning & Ventilation 4,650

7 Heating System 1,860

8 Electricity System 6,00

Fire System 1,500

10 Lift and Escalator ,500

11 Intelligent Building System 700

1 Professional Fee 5,000 114,080



Administration and Management Fee 5,000

Interest (Note b) 7,50

Contingency 8,000

Total Cost 1,600



Construction cost per sq.m. RMB 7,76

@8. USD 5

Note

a. This includes the cost of relocating those residents originally lived at the site.

b. HIBOR + .1% = 8.1% is used in the calculation of finance. HKD 1 = RMB 1.07 is assumed.



4.4 Project Overview

sq.m. RMB000

Sales Income

Commercial Flat ,7 57,

Car parking spaces 8,700

65,

Less Construction Cost 8,0 (1,600)

Turnover Tax (5%) (17,861)

Marketing and Promotion (%) (10,717)

Profit before Tax 117,744



Note

5,551 sq.m. of unsold becomes long term investment of the company, and the rental income from 004 thereafter does not accounted for in the above calculation.

5. Controls

The following will enable us to keep on track. If we fail in any of these areas, we will need to revaluate our business model

„P Construction cost maintain or keep below RMB1,6000,000 and no cost overrun;

„P Completion of the property by the end of December 00 and no extension of construction period is required, otherwise penalty for late completion should be provided for;

„P At least 18,000 sq.m. sold at the average rate of USD1,600/sq.m. or 15,000 sq.m. sold at the average rate of USD1,00/sq.m;

„P Keep track the weekly sales receivable statues, make sure the amount receive is sufficient to cover the construction cost payment schedule and other capital commitments, else construction loan from financial institutions to be applied for.



5.1 Implementation

The following identifies the key activities that we are critical in our marketing plan. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget

Milestones

Event ¡@

Signboard on the Site ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Prepare & update Web site ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Newsletter ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Newspaper & Press release ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Magazine ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Television ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Showroom ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Event - Exhibition ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Event ¡V top-up ceremony ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

Deliver vacant procession

¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

001 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Event Start date End date Budget

RMB000

Signboard 80

Web site 0-Nov-01 08-Dec-01 00

Newsletter (quarterly) 18-Mar-0 1-Mar-0 0

18-Jun-0 0-Jun-0 0

18-Sep-0 0-Sep-0 0

18-Dec-0 1-Dec-0 0

Newspaper & Press release 6-Feb-0 0-Mar-0 400

8-May-0 01-Jun-0 400

-Sep-0 0-Sep-0 400

0-Dec-0 6-Dec-0 400

Magazine 01-Mar-0 1-Mar-0 00

01-Jun-0 0-Jun-0 00

01-Sep-0 0-Sep-0 00

01-Dec-0 1-Dec-0 00

Television 6-Feb-0 0-Mar-0 550

8-May-0 01-Jun-0 550

-Sep-0 0-Sep-0 550

Showroom 07-Jan-0 18-Feb-0 1,60

Event - Exhibition -Mar-0 1-Mar-0 60

1-Jun-0 -Jun-0 60

1-Sep-0 15-Sep-0 60

Event - top up ceremony 8-Apr-0 8-Apr-0 180

Total 6,40



5. Marketing Organization

Mr. Tong, marketing director of the group, is one of the primarily responsible for the marketing activities. As he has a team of marketing staff, only the design, artwork and printing process will depends on outside resources. In view of no other project to be release during 00, thus no additional staff is to be employed even a number of special events throughout the year.





6. Appendix

6.1 External View of the Building



6. Elevation Plan of the Building



7. References

Philip Kotler, (000) ¡§Marketing Management¡¨ (The Millennium edition)

Report of the 5th population survey and Beijing Statistics Year Book 000, Beijing Statistics Bureau

FPDSavills Research, Beijing Statistical Year 000



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