A modest Proposal

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In his work, “A Modest Proposal,” Jonathan Swift brilliantly orchestrates the methods of satire, timing, tone, and imagery to create an exaggerated portrait of Ireland’s situation in the eighteenth-century. He uses these techniques to show how the inhumane exploitation and monopolization of Irish estates by English neighbors have left scores of Irishmen in deep despair and anguish due to their poverty and toil. Swift also uses these techniques to force his readers to reconsider his previous suggestion a “Remedy for this one individual Kingdom of Ireland.” The elaborate use of irony, above all others, results in an incredible work of verisimilitude.


Having been born in Dublin and raised in England, Swift’s position in this situation rests uneasy in between two conflicting sides the wealthy English landlords and the impoverished Irishmen; thus compelling him to use a form of writing that will seemingly appeal to both sides.


He ironically addresses the situation with a great deal of sensitivity by not offending the Englishmen with angry words of frustration, but with common courtesy and intellectual stimulation. Swift is most certainly considered a satirist by his own right, but not in commonplace with other writers whom tell funny allegorical or moral tales with lessons to be learned. He is set apart because the ironic attitude he presents throughout “A Modest Proposal” is serious thus making it difficult to perceive or even notice his sarcasm. Foremost, Swift addresses his proposal “under the present Distresses of the Kingdom” (p. ). His proposal, being considered a farce of many other proposals, pertains to an actual current event in Ireland which helps to persuade the audience to believe that Swift’s intentions are true and sincere. His proposal presents two advantages to the people of the nation the prevention of involuntary abortions and “instead of being a Charge upon their Parents, or the Parish…contribute to the Feeding and partly to the Clothing of many Thousands.” These advantages can help the ailing nation through economical and social reforms taking them from their present dystopia to a form of utopia where there economic and social problems will be solved.


I believe that Swift’s methodological manner in describing his method to ameliorate Ireland’s overpopulation problems also helps to capture and maintain his audience. Swift is very calm and collected in his prescription for aiding the problem. In a reader’s first glance, even the methodical sound of the title undermines one to believe that this paper is merely what is exactly stated “A Modest Proposal”. Furthermore, his tone of polite conversation and dealing in commonplaces, such as the “Town,” entices his readers with an ostensibly humane quality. Because Swift cites his information from reliable sources such as a “principal Gentleman in the County of Cavan” or a “knowing American,” he reassures his audience with a mock sincerity. This is especially appealing to many of his readers because many political men previously took advantage of the present situation in Ireland by creating preposterous solutions of economical and social relief for their own personal gains.





Also, on a more scientific end, Swift validates his calculations and collected information to his educated audience, so that they would not second guess or challenge his sources. In doing this he crates a sort of Alienation effect that will not allow his audience to think with their emotions. After building up his audience’s anticipation with sound and deliberate reasoning, Swift shocks his audience with his proposal of treating humans as commodities. He then continues to build the plausibility of child cannibalism with apparently rational reasoning, stating that “Thirdly…the Nation’s Stock will be thereby increased…fifty-thousand Pounds per Annum, besides the Profit of a new Dish…the Goods being entirely of our own Growth and Manufacture.” The irony is now blatant in the absurdity of the proposal.


Swift’s mathematical reasoning does not entirely convince the audience of the rational reasoning of child cannibalism. Through the language used, the children even act as a voice for Swift himself. Swift associates the children as “carcasses” comparable to “…sheep, black cattle or swine…” in an effort to distance the “Object” from the audience.


The irony used in this text is disturbing and extremely realistic. It becomes even more alarming when the English audience finds themselves far away from this tragedy in Ireland. Swift presents a distorted image of reality and morals thus leading the audience, the Protestant Englishmen, to become shocked by the allegedly serious tone of the piece. In an essence, his tone leads the audience to believe humans are in fact animals themselves. His “proposal” becomes clearer with the grotesque imagery of the market and the slaughterhouse “Infants flesh will be in Season throughout the Year, but more plentiful in March…Therefore reckoning a Year after Lent, the Markets will be more glutted than usual…” This forces the readers to pictures themselves as animals, with the view to acknowledge how far from the rational thinking of human beings they have been led.


I believe that Swift suggests trying something unrealistic because his previous ideas were far too realistic for an exceptional society such as Ireland. This mock proposal presents an insane idea that would control population growth, increase monetary fluidity and agricultural prosperity, and offer welfare benefits. Swift’s previous “Remedy for this one individual Kingdom of Ireland” also solves these domestic problems but with more humane and rational tactics. Through the presentation of both of these ideas, the audience must then choose between child cannibalism or reasonable measures of reform.


Swift does not blatantly try to point readers in the right direction, but instead allows for his audience to realize their careless mistake of ignoring his previous endeavors on their own. The satire in “A Modest Proposal” will persuade readers into reconsidering Swift’s first suggestion towards remedying the condition in Ireland. Through his beautiful uses of satire, timing, tone, and, most importantly, irony, Swift has successfully portrayed the effects of the English exploitation upon Ireland and also forced his readers to reconsider his previous suggestion





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